目的:实现客户端与服务端的实时通讯,基于TCP协议
与keep-alive区别:keep-alive机制会连接一小段时间,最终会断开,ws协议不会断开
原理:通过一条特殊的http协议请求进行握手后,服务端支持ws协议,则进行协议升级,利用http创建的tcp连接,实现长连接。
步骤分解:
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连接服务器
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final channel = IOWebSocketChannel.connect('ws://echo.websocket.org');
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关闭连接
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监听服务器
- StreamBuilder是一个组件,收到一个stream就刷新界面
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new StreamBuilder(
stream: widget.channel.stream,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
return new Text(snapshot.hasData ? '${snapshot.data}' : '');
},
);
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-
发送消息
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channel.sink.add('Hello!');
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完整demo
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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:web_socket_channel/io.dart';
class WebSocketRoute extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_WebSocketRouteState createState() => new _WebSocketRouteState();
}
class _WebSocketRouteState extends State<WebSocketRoute> {
TextEditingController _controller = new TextEditingController();
IOWebSocketChannel channel;
String _text = "";
@override
void initState() {
//创建websocket连接
channel = new IOWebSocketChannel.connect('ws://echo.websocket.org');
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return new Scaffold(
appBar: new AppBar(
title: new Text("WebSocket(内容回显)"),
),
body: new Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
child: new Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: <Widget>[
new Form(
child: new TextFormField(
controller: _controller,
decoration: new InputDecoration(labelText: 'Send a message'),
),
),
new StreamBuilder(
stream: channel.stream,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
//网络不通会走到这
if (snapshot.hasError) {
_text = "网络不通...";
} else if (snapshot.hasData) {
_text = "echo: "+snapshot.data;
}
return new Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 24.0),
child: new Text(_text),
);
},
)
],
),
),
floatingActionButton: new FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _sendMessage,
tooltip: 'Send message',
child: new Icon(Icons.send),
),
);
}
void _sendMessage() {
if (_controller.text.isNotEmpty) {
channel.sink.add(_controller.text);
}
}
@override
void dispose() {
channel.sink.close();
super.dispose();
}
}
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数据类型:发送的过程中数据以frame形式存在,每一个frame都由opcode字段指定类型,客户端在收到消息时已经知道类型,会自动转换,streamBuilder.snapshot.data如果是文本,类型是string,二进制数据,类型是List,还有其他类型
参考:https://book.flutterchina.club/chapter11/websocket.html